What to Do When White Blood Cells Are Elevated Due to a Urinary Tract Infection

When white blood cells (WBCs) are detected in the urine, it typically signals an underlying urinary tract infection (UTI). The presence of elevated WBC levels indicates that the body is actively fighting off an infection. If the count is mild—less than 10 WBCs per high-power field—increasing fluid intake, especially water, may be sufficient to flush out the bacteria and resolve symptoms naturally.

When Antibiotics Are Necessary

If urinalysis reveals significantly elevated white blood cell counts—above 10 or even exceeding 100 per high-power field—medical intervention with antibiotics becomes essential. In such cases, prompt treatment helps prevent complications like kidney infections or systemic spread of bacteria.

Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics for UTIs

Fluoroquinolones are among the most effective antibiotic classes for treating uncomplicated and complicated UTIs. Levofloxacin, a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, is particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria, which are often responsible for urinary infections. Another branded version, Cravit (Levofloxacin tablets), offers similar efficacy but should not be used in children and adolescents under 18 due to potential effects on cartilage development.

For patients who are allergic to fluoroquinolones or for younger individuals who cannot take these medications, alternative options such as cephalosporin-based antibiotics (e.g., cefuroxime or cefdinir) are safe and effective choices. These drugs provide reliable coverage against common uropathogens without the risks associated with earlier drug classes.

Managing Recurrent or Chronic UTIs

In cases of chronic or recurrent urinary tract infections—especially when multiple antibiotic courses have failed—bacterial resistance may be a factor. A comprehensive approach involving urine culture and sensitivity testing is crucial. This lab analysis identifies the specific pathogen causing the infection and determines which antibiotics it remains sensitive to, allowing for precise, targeted therapy.

Without proper testing, repeated use of inappropriate antibiotics can worsen resistance patterns and prolong illness. Therefore, healthcare providers often recommend culturing the urine before starting treatment in recurring cases.

Lifestyle and Supportive Measures

Hydration plays a vital role in both preventing and recovering from UTIs. Contrary to what some may think, reducing water intake to avoid painful urination only makes matters worse. Drinking plenty of fluids dilutes the urine and promotes frequent bladder emptying, which helps physically flush bacteria from the urinary tract.

Addressing Underlying Health Conditions

Certain medical conditions increase susceptibility to UTIs. For example, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus—particularly when blood glucose levels exceed 11 mmol/L (200 mg/dL)—can lead to glucosuria (sugar in the urine). Glucose acts as a nutrient-rich medium, encouraging bacterial growth in the urinary system. Thus, maintaining optimal blood sugar control is a key preventive strategy for diabetic patients prone to infections.

Diet and Daily Habits That Help

Young and middle-aged men should pay special attention to dietary triggers. Alcohol consumption and spicy foods can irritate the bladder lining and exacerbate symptoms during an active infection. Opting for a bland, balanced diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins supports immune function and reduces inflammation.

Additionally, ensuring adequate sleep and managing stress contribute to stronger immune defenses. Poor sleep weakens the body's ability to fight infections, making rest a critical component of recovery.

In summary, while medication is often necessary for moderate to severe UTIs with high white blood cell counts, combining antibiotics with lifestyle adjustments—such as improved hydration, better nutrition, and management of comorbidities like diabetes—leads to faster recovery and lowers the risk of recurrence.