Managing Ulcerative Colitis: Effective Treatment Strategies

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease that primarily affects the colon. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and the presence of mucus or blood in the stool. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of endoscopic examination and histopathological analysis, while also ruling out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms. Treatment usually requires long-term management to control inflammation and prevent flare-ups.

There are several categories of medications commonly used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis:

1. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) preparations, such as Asacol (mesalamine) and Pentasa (mesalamine), are often used to reduce inflammation in the lining of the colon.
2. Corticosteroids, including prednisone and dexamethasone, are prescribed during flare-ups to suppress inflammation.
3. Immunomodulators, like azathioprine and cyclosporine, help regulate the immune system response and maintain remission.
4. Biologic therapies, such as infliximab, target specific proteins involved in the inflammatory process.
5. Probiotics can also be beneficial in restoring gut flora balance and supporting digestive health.

Since ulcerative colitis tends to relapse, effective management involves two key phases: inducing remission and maintaining long-term stability. The goal during an acute flare is to rapidly alleviate symptoms such as pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. Once remission is achieved, maintenance therapy becomes crucial to prevent future episodes and improve overall quality of life.

From a Western medical perspective, 5-ASA drugs are often used for long-term maintenance, sometimes for up to three years or even indefinitely. On the other hand, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers complementary approaches, especially during the acute phase, where oral herbal medicine combined with enemas can help reduce inflammation and promote mucosal healing. During remission, TCM practitioners may prescribe formulas aimed at strengthening the spleen, improving qi flow, removing dampness, and promoting blood circulation, which can significantly lower the risk of recurrence.

By combining modern medical treatments with supportive therapies, patients can better manage their condition and enjoy extended periods of symptom-free living.