How to Treat Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition affecting the digestive system, and its treatment typically involves a combination of medical, symptomatic, and surgical approaches tailored to the severity and progression of the disease.

Medical Therapy

Depending on the activity and severity of ulcerative colitis, different medication plans may be prescribed. For mild cases, anti-inflammatory drugs such as mesalamine are often recommended. If the rectum is primarily affected, oral medications combined with suppositories or enemas—like mesalamine suppositories or enemas—can provide more targeted symptom relief and better disease control.

Symptomatic and Supportive Care

To manage symptoms like diarrhea, doctors may recommend medications such as loperamide or kaolin-pectin (e.g., Kaopectate). Probiotics can also play a role in restoring healthy gut flora. For moderate to severe flare-ups, corticosteroids may be used to induce remission. However, if steroid therapy proves ineffective or causes significant side effects, alternative treatments such as immunomodulators or biologic therapies might be introduced to achieve long-term remission.

Surgical Intervention

In cases where complications arise—such as toxic megacolon, uncontrolled bleeding, or an increased risk of cancer—surgery becomes necessary. A colectomy, or removal of the colon, may be performed to eliminate the source of inflammation and prevent life-threatening complications. Surgery is considered a definitive treatment option when medical management no longer provides adequate control over the disease.

Each treatment path should be discussed thoroughly with a gastroenterologist to ensure the best possible outcome based on individual health status and disease progression.