How to Diagnose Ulcerative Colitis

Diagnosing ulcerative colitis typically involves a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's clinical symptoms, including the presence of abdominal pain, mucous-filled or bloody stools, colonoscopic findings, and other imaging results. Common symptoms associated with ulcerative colitis include abdominal cramping, persistent diarrhea, and stools that appear loose or watery with dark red blood or significant mucus content. In more severe cases, additional signs may emerge:

Systemic Symptoms: Chronic bleeding can lead to anemia, causing fatigue, dizziness, and general weakness. Infections may also develop, resulting in fever, chills, and worsening diarrhea.

Colonoscopic Findings: The inflammation usually starts in the rectum and extends continuously through the sigmoid and descending colon. There is no normal mucosa between affected areas, and the intestinal lining often appears inflamed, eroded, and ulcerated, leading to the loss of normal colonic haustration.

Radiological Features: A characteristic "lead pipe" appearance of the sigmoid colon may be observed on imaging studies, which supports the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. Once diagnosed, it is crucial to follow a consistent treatment plan.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, relapsing condition that requires long-term medication management. Even after symptoms subside, maintenance therapy is essential to prevent flare-ups. Typically, remission therapy should continue for at least 3 to 5 years if no relapses occur. Early and sustained treatment significantly improves long-term outcomes and quality of life.