Ulcerative Colitis Symptoms And What You Need To Know

This means that the condition is not typically treated with antibiotics, as it stems from an overactive immune system attacking the lining of the colon.

The most common symptoms of ulcerative colitis include recurring episodes of mucous-filled or bloody diarrhea, which may be accompanied by abdominal pain, fatigue, and unintentional weight loss. In more severe cases, patients may also experience fever, joint pain, and even eye inflammation such as conjunctivitis. These symptoms can vary in intensity and often occur in cycles of flare-ups followed by periods of remission.

During a colonoscopy, doctors typically observe continuous inflammatory changes in the rectum, sigmoid colon, or throughout the entire colon. These changes may include redness, swelling, ulcers, and erosion of the mucosal lining, with the rectum being the most commonly and severely affected area.

Treatment for ulcerative colitis usually begins with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) medications, which help reduce inflammation in the gut. Lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and stress management, are also important in managing the disease. For moderate to severe cases, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, or biologic therapies may be required to induce and maintain remission.

While many patients experience rapid symptom relief with proper treatment, achieving mucosal healing is considered the ultimate therapeutic goal and may take months or even years. Long-term maintenance therapy is often necessary to prevent relapses and complications. Although ulcerative colitis is not a malignant condition, it is a chronic illness that can significantly impact a person's quality of life and requires ongoing medical care.

Understanding your symptoms and working closely with a healthcare provider is key to managing this condition effectively and improving long-term outcomes.