Can Sigmoiditis and Proctitis Lead to Cancer?

Inflammatory conditions such as sigmoiditis and proctitis do not always lead to cancer. However, individuals with a history of chronic colonic inflammation have a slightly higher risk of developing colorectal cancer compared to the general population. The severity of inflammation in the rectum and sigmoid colon can vary significantly. Mild cases often involve slight congestion, swelling, or minimal erosion of the intestinal mucosa, which typically responds well to treatment and carries a low risk of malignancy.

On the other hand, if sigmoiditis and proctitis are accompanied by polypoid growths, and these are left untreated or unchecked over time, the risk of cancer increases. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are crucial in such cases to prevent potential malignant transformation.

Ulcerative colitis, characterized by widespread inflammation, ulcers, and bleeding in the colon lining, poses a greater cancer risk than non-specific colitis. This risk escalates particularly for patients who have had symptoms for more than ten years. Long-standing inflammation increases the likelihood of dysplasia, which is a precursor to cancer development.

For those diagnosed with proctosigmoiditis and concurrent polyps, it's important to follow medical advice closely. While treatment often leads to remission and reduction of inflammation, persistent lesions that remain over time may carry a significant risk of becoming cancerous. Therefore, routine screenings and early detection play a vital role in reducing long-term health complications.