What Causes Reflux Esophagitis?

Reflux esophagitis occurs when stomach and duodenal contents flow back into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn and potentially causing damage to the throat, pharynx, and respiratory tissues. This condition is primarily a digestive motility disorder influenced by multiple factors, including the presence of harmful substances like acid or bile that can injure the esophageal lining.

Under normal circumstances, the esophagus has several protective mechanisms. It possesses a self-clearing ability that helps remove acidic or irritating substances, and it also benefits from an anti-reflux barrier known as the lower esophageal sphincter. Additionally, the mucosal lining of the esophagus has a certain resistance to acid and intestinal fluid reflux.

However, when these natural defense systems become compromised—whether due to weakened sphincter function, delayed gastric emptying, or other underlying conditions—reflux esophagitis can develop. Common symptoms include heartburn, acid regurgitation, difficulty swallowing, and retrosternal chest pain. These signs often worsen after meals or when lying down and can significantly impact a person's quality of life if left untreated.

Understanding the underlying causes and risk factors is essential for effective management and prevention of this condition.