How to Identify Anemia from a Complete Blood Count (CBC) Test
One of the most common ways to detect anemia is by analyzing specific markers in a Complete Blood Count (CBC) test. Among these, hemoglobin (Hb) levels are the primary indicator used to determine whether an individual is suffering from anemia. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. When hemoglobin levels fall below certain thresholds, it suggests a reduced capacity to deliver oxygen, which is a hallmark of anemia.
Standard Hemoglobin Thresholds for Anemia Diagnosis
In general medical practice in China, the diagnostic criteria for anemia differ slightly between men and women. For adult males, a hemoglobin concentration of less than 120 g/L is considered indicative of anemia. In adult females, the threshold is lower—typically below 110 g/L. These values account for normal physiological differences between genders.
Anemia in Pregnant Women: Special Considerations
Pregnant women have unique physiological demands due to increased blood volume and fetal development needs. As a result, the standard for diagnosing anemia during pregnancy and postpartum periods is adjusted. A hemoglobin level below 100 g/L is generally classified as anemia in expectant or recently delivered mothers. This adjustment ensures timely intervention to protect both maternal and fetal health.
Classifying Anemia by Severity Based on Hemoglobin Levels
Anemia is not a one-size-fits-all condition—it can range from mild to life-threatening depending on how low hemoglobin levels drop. Medical professionals categorize anemia into three main levels of severity:
Mild Anemia
Mild anemia occurs when hemoglobin levels are below the normal reference range but remain above 90 g/L. At this stage, symptoms may be subtle or even absent. Individuals might experience slight fatigue or reduced stamina, but major organ systems are typically not severely affected. This form often goes unnoticed without routine blood screening.
Moderate Anemia
Moderate anemia is defined by hemoglobin levels between 60 g/L and 90 g/L. As oxygen delivery becomes increasingly compromised, patients may begin to experience noticeable symptoms such as dizziness, shortness of breath, pale skin, and heart palpitations. This degree of anemia can impact multiple body systems, including the neurological, digestive, and cardiovascular systems, potentially leading to decreased cognitive function, appetite loss, and strain on the heart.
Severe Anemia
When hemoglobin drops below 60 g/L, the condition is classified as severe anemia. This level poses significant health risks and often requires immediate medical attention. Severe anemia can lead to extreme fatigue, chest pain, tachycardia, and even heart failure in vulnerable individuals. Importantly, hemoglobin levels under 60 g/L are commonly considered a clinical indication for blood transfusion, especially if the patient shows signs of decompensation or has underlying cardiovascular conditions.
Regular CBC testing plays a crucial role in early detection and management of anemia. By monitoring hemoglobin trends over time, healthcare providers can identify patterns, determine potential causes (such as iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, or chronic disease), and tailor treatment plans accordingly. Whether through dietary changes, supplementation, or medical intervention, addressing anemia promptly improves quality of life and prevents complications.