What Happens If Reflux Esophagitis Is Left Untreated

Reflux esophagitis is a condition that can vary in severity, and its long-term effects largely depend on whether it's properly managed. In mild cases, symptoms may subside with simple lifestyle changes and dietary adjustments. However, for individuals suffering from moderate to severe forms of the condition, these measures alone may not be sufficient.

Without proper treatment, chronic acid reflux can cause ongoing damage to the esophageal lining. Persistent symptoms like heartburn, regurgitation, and chest pain can lead to complications over time. The constant exposure to stomach acid may result in erosions, ulcers, and inflammation of the esophageal mucosa.

One of the more serious complications is upper gastrointestinal bleeding. This can manifest as vomiting blood or passing black, tarry stools. Repeated episodes of ulceration and healing can also lead to fibrosis—excessive formation of fibrous tissue—which may develop into scar tissue. As a result, the esophagus can become narrowed, a condition known as esophageal stricture.

Esophageal stricture often causes difficulty swallowing, starting with solid foods and eventually progressing to semi-liquid or even liquid meals. This progressive dysphagia can significantly impact quality of life and may require medical or surgical intervention to correct.

Another concerning complication is Barrett's esophagus, a condition where the normal lining of the esophagus changes to resemble the lining of the intestine. Barrett's esophagus increases the risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma by 10 to 20 times compared to the general population. Without treatment, this precancerous change can potentially progress to cancer, making early diagnosis and management crucial.

In conclusion, untreated reflux esophagitis can lead to serious health issues, including bleeding, strictures, and an increased risk of cancer. Seeking timely medical care and following a consistent treatment plan are essential steps in preventing long-term complications.