Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease And Its Endoscopic Features

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) often presents with a range of symptoms and visible changes in the esophagus, known as reflux esophagitis. This condition occurs when stomach acid and other digestive juices flow back into the esophagus, leading to irritation and damage to the esophageal lining. Common symptoms include heartburn, acid regurgitation, and belching. In more severe cases, patients may experience difficulty swallowing or even pass black stools due to gastrointestinal bleeding.

During an endoscopic examination, reflux esophagitis typically shows red spots or linear streaks on the esophageal mucosa. These areas may progress to erosions or ulcers if left untreated. When the affected regions are extensive, they can merge together, increasing the risk of complications such as esophageal stricture and bleeding.

Patients often report a burning sensation behind the breastbone, especially after meals or at night. Chest discomfort and a feeling of tightness are also common signs associated with this condition. Early diagnosis through endoscopy is crucial for effective management. Treatment usually involves lifestyle modifications and medications that reduce gastric acid production.

In summary, recognizing the endoscopic features of reflux esophagitis plays a key role in diagnosing GERD accurately, allowing for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes.