Symptoms of Axillary Lymph Node Cancer: What You Need to Know
Swollen lymph nodes in the armpit—medically known as axillary lymphadenopathy—can be a sign of various underlying health conditions, including cancer. While not all lumps in this area are malignant, it's essential to understand the potential causes and symptoms associated with axillary lymph node involvement, particularly when linked to primary or secondary cancers.
Understanding Primary vs. Secondary Axillary Lymph Node Cancer
Primary lymph node cancer refers to malignancies that originate within the lymphatic system itself, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. These cancers develop when lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) grow uncontrollably. In such cases, enlarged lymph nodes in the armpit may be accompanied by systemic symptoms like unexplained fever, night sweats, persistent fatigue, and generalized itching (pruritus). The affected nodes tend to feel smooth, rounded, and somewhat rubbery but are typically not rock-hard.
Recognizing Signs of Metastatic (Secondary) Cancer
Secondary or metastatic lymph node involvement occurs when cancer spreads from another part of the body to the axillary lymph nodes. One of the most common examples is breast cancer metastasis, where malignant cells travel from the breast tissue into nearby lymph nodes. In these instances, the swollen nodes often feel firm, irregular, and may appear fixed or adhered to surrounding tissues. The borders of the mass are usually less defined compared to those seen in primary lymphomas.
Key Differences in Physical Characteristics
Distinguishing between primary and secondary causes can sometimes be done through clinical examination. Primary lymphomas often present with mobile, painless, and uniformly textured nodules. On the other hand, metastatic tumors typically manifest as hard, immovable lumps with an uneven surface. These physical clues help guide further diagnostic testing, such as imaging studies or biopsy.
When to Seek Medical Evaluation
If you notice a persistent lump in your armpit—especially one that grows over time, doesn't go away after several weeks, or is associated with other symptoms like weight loss or skin changes—it's crucial to consult a healthcare provider. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes for both lymphoma and metastatic cancers.
Diagnostic Approaches and Next Steps
A thorough evaluation may include ultrasound, CT scans, blood tests, and ultimately a fine-needle aspiration or excisional biopsy to determine the nature of the swelling. Identifying whether the cancer is primary or secondary directly impacts the treatment plan, which could involve chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, or targeted therapies depending on the diagnosis.
While discovering a lump in the armpit can be alarming, not every enlargement indicates cancer. However, being informed about the warning signs and seeking timely medical advice greatly enhances the chances of successful intervention and recovery.