Causes Of Heartburn Explained

Heartburn is a burning sensation felt behind the breastbone, and there are mainly two key reasons for this discomfort.

One of the primary causes is acid reflux, where acidic stomach contents flow back into the esophagus, irritating its mucosal lining and causing a burning feeling. This occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter doesn't close properly, allowing stomach acid to move upward.

Another common cause is functional heartburn. While many people experience minor episodes of reflux without noticing, some individuals become overly sensitive to these occurrences. This heightened sensitivity can be due to an oversensitive esophageal lining or emotional factors like anxiety, stress, or depression, which amplify the perception of discomfort.

In many cases, heartburn is associated with reflux esophagitis, an inflammatory condition of the esophagus. However, not everyone with heartburn develops visible tissue damage. Those who do may require medical treatment to manage symptoms and heal the esophagus.

For those experiencing functional heartburn, treatment often involves a dual approach—addressing both gastroesophageal reflux and psychological well-being. Alongside medications that reduce stomach acid, managing emotional health through counseling or therapy can significantly improve outcomes and provide long-term relief from symptoms.