How To Manage Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), particularly when it leads to esophagitis, can significantly impact a person's quality of life. The primary goals of treatment are to relieve symptoms, prevent recurrence, and avoid complications. Managing GERD typically involves a combination of lifestyle modifications, medications, endoscopic interventions, and in some cases, surgery.

Lifestyle Changes Are The Foundation Of GERD Management. Making adjustments to daily habits can greatly reduce the frequency and severity of symptoms. It is recommended to quit smoking and avoid alcohol, as both can weaken the lower esophageal sphincter. Avoiding high-fat foods, chocolate, coffee, spicy or greasy meals is also crucial. Eating should stop at least three hours before bedtime, and the head of the bed should be elevated by 15–20 cm to prevent nighttime reflux. Additionally, individuals should avoid lying down immediately after eating. For those who are overweight or obese, losing weight through a balanced diet and regular physical activity can significantly reduce pressure on the stomach. Improving sleep quality is also important, especially for people who suffer from insomnia or snoring during sleep.

Medications Play A Key Role In Symptom Relief. The most common drug therapies include proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 receptor antagonists, which reduce stomach acid production. Prokinetic agents such as domperidone or mosapride can help speed up gastric emptying and reduce reflux episodes. Antacids like aluminum magnesium carbonate may also be used to protect the stomach lining and provide fast relief from heartburn.

Endoscopic And Surgical Options Are Considered When Medications Fail. If symptoms persist despite medication or recur after stopping treatment, endoscopic therapy may be an option. These minimally invasive procedures aim to strengthen the barrier between the stomach and esophagus. In more severe cases, especially when complications such as esophageal stricture develop, surgical intervention like fundoplication may be necessary to provide long-term relief.