Causes and Risk Factors of Reflux Esophagitis

Reflux esophagitis is a common gastrointestinal condition that occurs when the lining of the esophagus becomes inflamed due to the backflow of stomach or duodenal contents. This condition is classified as a motility disorder, primarily caused by dysfunction at the gastroesophageal junction, particularly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). When this muscular valve weakens or relaxes inappropriately, it allows acidic stomach contents to flow backward into the esophagus.

Several factors can contribute to LES relaxation or worsen symptoms of reflux esophagitis. One of the most prevalent contributors is obesity, as excess abdominal fat increases pressure on the stomach, forcing contents upward. Certain physical movements, such as bending forward, can also elevate intra-abdominal pressure and promote reflux. Dietary choices play a significant role too—consumption of sweets, fatty foods, and specific items like chocolate have been shown to relax the LES and trigger symptoms.

Eating habits are another critical aspect to consider. Overeating can overload the stomach, increasing the likelihood of acid reflux. Lying down immediately after meals similarly encourages backflow, as gravity no longer helps keep stomach contents in place. To manage reflux esophagitis effectively, adopting lifestyle modifications is essential. These include eating smaller meals, avoiding reclining post-meals, maintaining a healthy weight, and being mindful of dietary triggers.

Understanding these causes and making conscious daily choices can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of reflux episodes. Those experiencing persistent symptoms should consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice and potential treatment options.