Can GERD Cause Pharyngitis?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common cause of pharyngitis, particularly a type known as reflux laryngitis. GERD occurs due to dysfunction in the lower esophageal sphincter, which allows stomach acid and contents to flow back into the esophagus. This backflow can extend beyond the esophagus and reach the upper throat area, irritating the sensitive mucous membranes of the larynx and pharynx.

This irritation leads to symptoms such as dry throat, sore throat, hoarseness, a burning sensation, and even nausea. The inflammation caused by acid exposure often results in swelling and redness of the throat tissues, especially around the arytenoid and epiglottic areas, which are commonly affected in cases of reflux-related pharyngitis.

Medical evaluation typically reveals signs like lymphoid hyperplasia and swollen mucosa, which can be observed using indirect laryngoscopy or fiberoptic endoscopy. These findings support the diagnosis of reflux-induced pharyngitis.

Effective treatment requires a dual approach: managing both the throat symptoms and the underlying acid reflux. A standard treatment plan often includes 8 to 12 weeks of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy to reduce stomach acid production. In addition, prokinetic agents may be prescribed to improve gastrointestinal motility, while mucosal protectants help shield the stomach lining.

Lifestyle modifications also play a crucial role in managing GERD and preventing recurrence of pharyngeal symptoms. Patients are advised to avoid trigger foods, maintain a healthy weight, and refrain from eating close to bedtime. These changes, combined with medical therapy, significantly improve long-term outcomes and reduce discomfort associated with reflux-induced pharyngitis.