What to Do If Someone Passes Out from Low Blood Sugar

Immediate Response to Hypoglycemic Collapse

If someone loses consciousness due to low blood sugar, quick and appropriate action is crucial. For individuals who are still conscious but showing early signs of hypoglycemia—such as shakiness, dizziness, or confusion—the first step is to help them sit or lie down in a safe, comfortable position. Immediately offer a fast-acting source of glucose, such as glucose tablets, fruit juice, regular soda, honey, or hard candy. These simple carbohydrates are rapidly absorbed and can elevate blood sugar levels within minutes.

Handling Unconsciousness Due to Severe Hypoglycemia

When a person becomes unconscious and unresponsive, do not attempt to give them food or drink, as this could lead to choking. Instead, gently move them to a clear, open area and place them in the recovery position if possible. Call emergency medical services (such as 911 or your local emergency number) immediately. Time is critical—prolonged low blood sugar can lead to seizures, brain damage, or even death.

In a hospital setting, healthcare providers typically administer intravenous (IV) dextrose to quickly restore blood glucose levels above 2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL). In some cases, especially when IV access is delayed, an injection of glucagon—a hormone that triggers the liver to release stored glucose—may be given. Corticosteroids may also be used in specific situations to support glucose regulation.

Long-Term Risks and Neurological Consequences

Prolonged untreated hypoglycemia can result in serious neurological complications. The brain relies heavily on glucose for energy, and without sufficient supply, cognitive function deteriorates rapidly. If low blood sugar persists, it may cause irreversible damage to the central nervous system. Symptoms like confusion, slurred speech, and loss of coordination can progress to coma or permanent brain injury.

Once stabilized, patients who have experienced severe hypoglycemic episodes should receive supportive care, including neuroprotective medications aimed at restoring nerve function. Early intervention significantly improves recovery outcomes and reduces the risk of long-term deficits.

Recognizing Early Warning Signs

Before losing consciousness, most people with hypoglycemia experience noticeable symptoms caused by the body's fight-or-flight response. These include sweating, rapid heartbeat, trembling, intense hunger, nausea, fatigue, and lightheadedness. Some may also feel anxious or irritable. Recognizing these warning signals early allows for prompt treatment before the condition worsens.

At this stage, consuming 15–20 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates is recommended. Examples include half a cup of fruit juice, three to four glucose tablets, or a small snack like crackers with peanut butter. After 15 minutes, check blood sugar again—if it remains below normal levels, repeat the treatment. This "rule of 15" helps avoid overcorrection while safely restoring glucose balance.

Preventing Future Hypoglycemic Episodes

After managing an acute episode, it's essential to investigate the underlying cause. Common triggers include missed meals, excessive insulin or diabetes medication, intense physical activity, alcohol consumption, or certain medical conditions. Working closely with a healthcare provider to adjust medication, improve dietary habits, and monitor blood sugar regularly can greatly reduce recurrence risk.

For individuals with diabetes, carrying a medical ID and having access to glucagon kits can be lifesaving. Educating family members, coworkers, and close friends about how to recognize and respond to low blood sugar ensures faster assistance during emergencies.

Ultimately, awareness, preparedness, and timely intervention are key to preventing complications from hypoglycemia. By understanding the signs and knowing what steps to take, you can protect yourself or others from the dangers of sudden blood sugar drops.