Understanding Chronic Gastritis In 5 Minutes

Chronic gastritis is a condition characterized by long-term inflammation or atrophy of the stomach lining. It can result from various causes, including bacterial infection, immune system issues, physical irritants, chemical exposure, and certain medications. While it often lacks specific symptoms, common signs include persistent upper abdominal discomfort, bloating, early satiety, belching, acid reflux, nausea, vomiting blood, or passing black stools.

One of the primary causes of chronic gastritis is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, a bacterium that damages the protective lining of the stomach. Other contributing factors may include autoimmune disorders, excessive alcohol consumption, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and aging. Conditions like diabetes, liver disease, and poor nutrition can also increase the risk of developing this condition.

To diagnose chronic gastritis, doctors typically rely on a combination of laboratory tests, imaging studies, histological analysis, and endoscopic examinations. These diagnostic tools help identify inflammation, infection, or structural changes in the stomach lining.

Treatment options for chronic gastritis vary depending on the underlying cause and severity. They generally fall into three categories: lifestyle modifications, medication, and in rare cases, surgery. Patients are advised to quit smoking, limit alcohol intake, avoid irritating medications, and maintain regular eating habits.

Medications used in treatment may include gastric mucosal protectants, acid-reducing agents, antibiotics (especially for H. pylori eradication), prokinetic drugs to regulate digestion, and pain relievers. For patients with severe precancerous changes such as high-grade dysplasia or intestinal metaplasia, endoscopic surgical procedures may be recommended.

Preventive strategies involve eating home-cooked meals, managing stress, maintaining a balanced diet, and treating chronic infections in the mouth or throat. Emotional well-being and consistent meal patterns play a crucial role in reducing flare-ups and promoting overall digestive health.