Treatment Options for Chronic Gastritis: Medications and Management Strategies

Chronic gastritis can be categorized into two main types: chronic superficial gastritis and chronic atrophic gastritis. While the treatment approaches may differ slightly, both conditions share a common underlying issue — the aggressive factors affecting the stomach lining outweigh the protective mechanisms. These aggressive elements include gastric acid, pepsin, alcohol, tobacco, certain medications, and Helicobacter pylori infection. Additionally, lifestyle habits and emotional stress play a significant role in gastrointestinal health, making lifestyle modifications essential for effective management.

Identifying and addressing the root causes is crucial. If H. pylori is present, early detection and targeted antibiotic therapy are highly recommended. To reduce aggressive factors, doctors often prescribe acid-suppressing medications such as famotidine or omeprazole. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is strongly advised, although if drinking is unavoidable, opting for low-alcohol beverages and using gastric mucosal protectants like aluminum magnesium carbonate can help. These agents work by adsorbing harmful substances such as alcohol and pepsin, thereby reducing their damaging effects on the stomach lining.

Digestive symptoms should also be addressed based on their type. Some patients experience dyspepsia, which can be either physical (related to motility) or chemical (related to enzyme deficiency). In cases of physical dyspepsia, prokinetic agents may be used to improve gastric emptying. For chemical indigestion, supplementation with digestive enzymes — such as proteases, lipases, and amylases — can support proper digestion and alleviate discomfort. Each case should be evaluated individually, ideally under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Enhancing gastric defense mechanisms is equally important. Mucosal protective agents act as a shield, reinforcing the stomach's natural defenses. Other medications may stimulate prostaglandin production, which helps maintain mucus secretion, improves local blood flow, and accelerates tissue repair. Combining these therapies can lead to better outcomes, but the duration and focus of treatment should always be determined by a gastroenterology specialist.

In conclusion, managing chronic gastritis involves a multifaceted approach that includes eliminating irritants, controlling acid production, supporting digestion, and strengthening the gastric mucosa. Patient-specific treatment plans guided by medical professionals yield the best long-term results.