Common Causes of Chronic Gastritis

Chronic gastritis is a prevalent condition characterized by long-term inflammation of the stomach lining. Understanding its primary causes can help in early detection and effective management. Here are the most common factors associated with chronic gastritis:

1. Helicobacter pylori Infection

One of the leading causes of chronic gastritis is infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium can be detected through non-invasive tests such as the C13 or C14 breath test. If the result is positive and symptoms like indigestion, bloating, or abdominal pain are present, treatment combining Western and traditional Chinese medicine has shown promising results.

2. Bile Reflux from the Duodenum

Gastrointestinal motility disorders, bile duct diseases, or blockages in the lower digestive tract can lead to duodenogastric reflux. This backflow of bile into the stomach irritates the gastric mucosa over time, contributing to chronic inflammation.

3. Medications and Toxins

Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, and others can damage the stomach lining. Additionally, excessive alcohol consumption is a well-known irritant that weakens the stomach's protective barrier and increases the risk of gastritis.

4. Autoimmune Disorders

In some cases, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the stomach lining, particularly the acid-producing glands. This autoimmune reaction leads to reduced stomach acid production and atrophy of the gastric glands, increasing susceptibility to chronic inflammation.

5. Age-Related Changes and Other Contributing Factors

As people age, the stomach lining undergoes natural degenerative changes. Older adults also tend to have higher rates of H. pylori infection and slower mucosal repair mechanisms. These factors collectively promote epithelial cell abnormalities and glandular atrophy, making them more prone to developing gastritis.

Recognizing these underlying causes is essential for tailoring treatment strategies and preventing complications associated with chronic gastritis.