Can Chronic Gastritis Lead to Stomach Cancer?

Chronic gastritis is categorized into two main types: chronic non-atrophic gastritis, also known as chronic superficial gastritis, and chronic atrophic gastritis. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the primary cause of chronic gastritis. In China, the H. pylori infection rate ranges from approximately 50% to 70%. This rate closely mirrors the prevalence of chronic gastritis in the general population, with infection rates increasing significantly with age.

As a result, the prevalence of chronic gastritis among adults continues to rise, surpassing 50% in many cases. Once H. pylori infects the stomach lining, it can lead to inflammation. Over time, long-term infection may result in gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in some individuals.

Chronic atrophic gastritis is strongly linked to an increased risk of stomach cancer. It is considered a precancerous condition. The progression from chronic atrophic gastritis to gastric cancer typically involves two intermediate stages: intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. This transformation process can take several years or even decades.

The likelihood of chronic atrophic gastritis developing into cancer depends on several factors, including the severity of the atrophy, the presence of intestinal metaplasia, and whether dysplasia is present. Early detection through regular endoscopic examinations is crucial for identifying precancerous changes.

Because this condition often progresses without noticeable symptoms, routine screening plays a vital role in prevention. Individuals diagnosed with chronic atrophic gastritis should follow their doctor's recommendations for regular monitoring. These check-ups can help detect early signs of malignancy before cancer fully develops.

In conclusion, while chronic atrophic gastritis carries a risk of progressing to stomach cancer, timely diagnosis and proper management can significantly reduce that risk. Maintaining awareness and undergoing periodic evaluations are key steps in preventing serious outcomes.