Can Chronic Gastritis Lead to Cancer?

Chronic gastritis is a common condition and can be classified into three main types: non-atrophic gastritis (also known as chronic superficial gastritis), atrophic gastritis, and special types of gastritis. Non-atrophic gastritis is not considered a precancerous condition and has a relatively low risk of progressing to cancer. In contrast, chronic atrophic gastritis is recognized as a precancerous condition, with an estimated cancer transformation rate of approximately 0.5% to 1%. The timeline for potential cancer development is unclear but may span over several years, often around 3 to 5 years.

For individuals diagnosed with chronic atrophic gastritis, regular medical follow-ups are crucial. Patients without intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia should consider undergoing a gastroscopy every 1 to 2 years. However, if intestinal metaplasia or mild dysplasia is present, annual endoscopic monitoring is recommended. In cases of moderate dysplasia, a gastroscopy should be performed every six months. If severe dysplasia is detected, more frequent monitoring—every three months—is advised, and prompt surgical intervention may be necessary depending on the clinical findings.

Proper management and timely surveillance can significantly improve outcomes for patients with chronic atrophic gastritis, helping to detect any malignant changes at an early and treatable stage.