Can Chronic Gastritis Turn Into Cancer?

Chronic gastritis may progress to cancer depending on the severity and type of the condition. It is generally categorized into three types: superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis, and special types of gastritis. Below is a detailed explanation of each:

Superficial Gastritis

This is the mildest form of chronic gastritis. If left untreated for a long time, it can potentially develop into atrophic gastritis. Although it is not directly linked to cancer, it should not be ignored as it may lead to more serious conditions over time.

Atrophic Gastritis

Atrophic gastritis is considered more severe and is often associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. It can be classified into different stages and requires a gastroscopy and histological evaluation for accurate diagnosis. If intestinal metaplasia is detected, especially moderate to severe cases, the risk of cancer increases significantly. Additionally, a condition known as dysplasia or atypical hyperplasia may develop, and if this reaches a moderate or severe level, the likelihood of malignancy becomes even higher.

Special Types of Gastritis

Certain types of gastritis require special attention. For example, when Helicobacter pylori infection coexists with atrophic gastritis, it raises serious concerns. In such cases, the first step is to eradicate H. pylori through targeted therapy. Following this, comprehensive treatment for atrophic gastritis is necessary, often involving a combination of Western and traditional Chinese medicine. This approach not only helps relieve symptoms but also improves the condition of the gastric mucosa, potentially reducing the risk of gastric cancer.

Importance of Early Detection and Treatment

Regular screening through endoscopy and biopsy is crucial for individuals with chronic gastritis, especially those with a family history of stomach cancer or long-standing symptoms. Early detection of precancerous changes allows for timely intervention, which can significantly lower the risk of cancer development.

Preventive Strategies

Lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a healthy diet, avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, and managing stress can also play a role in reducing the progression of chronic gastritis. Moreover, treating H. pylori infection promptly can prevent further damage to the stomach lining.

In conclusion, while not all cases of chronic gastritis lead to cancer, certain types—especially atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia—carry a higher risk. Regular medical follow-ups and appropriate treatment are essential for minimizing this risk.