What Causes Chronic Gastritis?

Chronic gastritis is a long-term condition characterized by inflammation of the stomach lining. Several key factors can contribute to its development, and understanding these causes is essential for prevention and treatment.

Helicobacter pylori Infection

One of the most common causes of chronic gastritis is infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria. This bacterium can damage the mucosal layer of the stomach, leading to conditions such as superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis, and, in severe cases, an increased risk of gastric cancer. H. pylori infection is considered a primary causative agent in both gastritis and stomach cancer.

Dietary Habits and Nitrate Intake

In certain regions, diets rich in smoked, salted, or pickled foods are common. These foods often contain high levels of nitrates and nitrites, which can irritate and damage the gastric mucosa over time. Regular consumption of such foods may significantly increase the likelihood of developing gastritis and, in the long run, raise the risk of stomach cancer.

Medications, Alcohol, and Smoking

Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, can also contribute to chronic gastritis. These medications may interfere with the stomach's ability to protect and repair its mucosal lining, making it more vulnerable to damage.

In addition, excessive alcohol consumption can lead to persistent inflammation of the stomach lining. Over time, this can progress from superficial gastritis to atrophic changes and possibly even precancerous conditions. Similarly, smoking plays a role in the development of gastritis by disrupting gastrointestinal function and promoting bile reflux, which further irritates the stomach lining.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding harmful substances, and seeking early treatment for H. pylori infection are important steps in preventing chronic gastritis and its complications.