The Most Common Clinical Symptoms of Chronic Gastritis

Chronic gastritis is categorized into non-atrophic gastritis and atrophic gastritis, primarily characterized by damage to the stomach lining caused by various factors. One of the leading causes is Helicobacter pylori infection, although other physical and chemical irritants such as bile and alcohol can also contribute to mucosal damage. Long-term exposure to these irritants leads to chronic inflammation of the stomach lining.

This inflammatory process is typically marked by the presence of lymphocytes, indicating a chronic immune response. During endoscopic examination, the mucosa often appears pale or yellowish, and histological analysis may reveal glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. These changes in the gastric tissue can lead to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms.

Patients commonly experience discomfort in the upper abdomen, which may include pain, nausea, vomiting, and signs of indigestion. A reduced appetite and decreased food intake are also frequently reported. In some cases, individuals may suffer from acid-related symptoms such as heartburn and acid reflux, which can significantly affect quality of life.

The treatment strategy for chronic gastritis focuses on eradicating Helicobacter pylori when present, along with therapies aimed at protecting the gastric mucosa and relieving symptoms. Managing lifestyle factors, such as reducing alcohol consumption and avoiding irritant foods, is also an important part of the overall treatment plan.