How to Prevent Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Complete Guide to Foot Care for People with Diabetes

Diabetic foot ulcers are a serious complication affecting individuals living with diabetes. These painful and potentially dangerous sores typically develop due to prolonged high blood sugar levels, which damage nerves and reduce blood flow to the feet—a condition known as diabetic neuropathy. Without proper care, minor cuts or pressure points can quickly escalate into deep ulcers, increasing the risk of infection and even amputation. The good news? Most cases of diabetic foot complications are preventable through consistent glucose management and proactive foot care.

Maintain Optimal Blood Glucose Levels

Controlling blood sugar is the foundation of preventing diabetic foot problems. When glucose levels remain within a healthy range over time, it significantly reduces the risk of nerve damage and poor circulation—two primary contributors to foot ulcers. Work closely with your healthcare provider to monitor your HbA1c levels, follow a balanced diet, stay physically active, and take medications as prescribed. Stable blood sugar not only protects your feet but also supports overall health and well-being.

Choose the Right Footwear

Wearing appropriate shoes is essential for protecting sensitive diabetic feet. Opt for lightweight, breathable, and roomy footwear that allows your toes to move freely and prevents friction or pressure points. Avoid tight shoes, high heels, or styles made from stiff materials. Consider investing in diabetic-specific shoes or custom orthotics, especially if you already have foot deformities or reduced sensation. Remember, your shoes should provide both comfort and protection every single day.

Create a Daily Foot Inspection Routine

Because nerve damage can dull pain signals, injuries may go unnoticed without regular visual checks. Make it a habit to inspect your feet daily. Look for cuts, blisters, redness, swelling, or changes in skin color. Use a mirror or ask a family member for help if you can't see the bottom of your feet easily. Early detection of abnormalities can prevent small issues from turning into major complications.

Monitor Skin Temperature for Early Warning Signs

Changes in foot temperature can be an early indicator of inflammation or developing ulcers. Infrared thermometers are now widely available and allow patients to track foot skin temperature accurately. Measure the temperature on corresponding areas of both feet each morning, afternoon, and evening. Record the data daily and compare trends monthly. A sudden increase in temperature on one foot compared to the other may signal inflammation or injury—even before visible symptoms appear.

What If You Don't Have a Thermometer?

If you don't own an infrared device, you can still monitor temperature manually. Gently touch the tops and soles of your feet with the back of your hand—the same way you'd test bathwater. Note whether the skin feels warmer, cooler, or different from usual. While less precise, this method helps maintain awareness and encourages routine attention to foot health.

Keep a Detailed Foot Health Journal

Tracking your foot care efforts enhances accountability and aids medical evaluations. Maintain a simple log where you record daily inspections, temperature readings (if applicable), any unusual findings, and when you changed socks or shoes. This documentation becomes invaluable during doctor visits and can help identify patterns that might otherwise be overlooked.

Additional Tips for Long-Term Foot Protection

Moisturize dry skin (but avoid between toes), trim nails carefully, never walk barefoot—even indoors—and always wear clean, dry socks. Visit a podiatrist regularly for professional assessments, especially if you've had previous foot issues. Education and consistency are key: the more attentive you are today, the lower your risk of complications tomorrow.

Preventing diabetic foot ulcers isn't about one big action—it's about many small, smart habits done consistently. With the right knowledge, tools, and routines, you can keep your feet healthy, mobile, and pain-free for years to come.