What Causes Hiccups

Hiccups can occur in two main forms, each with distinct characteristics.

Aerophagia refers to the involuntary release of air from the stomach through the throat and mouth. This often happens after consuming large amounts of high-protein foods or overeating, which may lead to indigestion. In some cases, individuals suffering from acute or chronic gastric conditions, such as peptic ulcers, may experience aerophagia due to incomplete digestion. When food ferments in the gastrointestinal tract, it produces gas that rises from the stomach, resulting in this type of hiccup. Additionally, a small number of children may experience aerophagia due to psychological or neurological factors.

Eructation, commonly known as hiccups, is characterized by a sudden "hic" sound produced in the throat. It occurs when the diaphragm or the phrenic and vagus nerves are irritated, causing the diaphragm to contract spasmodically. This contraction leads to a quick closure of the vocal cords, creating the typical hiccup sound. Most short-term hiccups resolve on their own within a few minutes. However, if hiccups persist for more than 48 hours, they are classified as persistent or intractable hiccups. These may be linked to disorders of the digestive system or central nervous system, including bloating around the diaphragm or nerve irritation caused by tumors. Long-lasting hiccups should be evaluated by a medical professional to determine the underlying cause.