Mycoplasma Infection: Recognizing Symptoms in Respiratory and Genitourinary Systems

Mycoplasma is a unique type of microorganism that is even smaller than bacteria, lacking a rigid cell wall, which makes it resistant to certain antibiotics. These microbes are known to cause infections in humans, particularly affecting the respiratory and genitourinary systems. Due to their atypical nature, mycoplasma infections can be easily misdiagnosed, making awareness of symptoms crucial for timely treatment.

Common Signs of Mycoplasma Respiratory Infections

One of the most prevalent forms of mycoplasma infection affects the respiratory tract, often referred to as "walking pneumonia" when it leads to mild pneumonia. Individuals infected may experience a range of systemic symptoms, including fever, fatigue, and loss of appetite. These general signs are often accompanied by a persistent cough, which is one of the hallmark features of this infection.

Understanding the Characteristic Cough

The cough associated with mycoplasma is typically dry and irritating, meaning it produces little to no phlegm. Unlike bacterial infections that often result in productive coughs with mucus, this non-productive cough can linger for weeks, disrupting sleep and daily activities. It tends to worsen at night and may be triggered by cold air or physical exertion, further impacting the patient's quality of life.

Genitourinary Manifestations of Mycoplasma Infection

In addition to respiratory issues, mycoplasma species such as Mycoplasma genitalium can infect the urinary and reproductive tracts. These infections primarily spread through sexual contact and may lead to significant discomfort in both men and women, though symptoms are often more pronounced in females.

Symptoms in the Urinary System

Patients with genitourinary mycoplasma infections frequently report signs of urinary irritation, including increased frequency, urgency, and pain during urination. These symptoms resemble those of a urinary tract infection (UTI), which can lead to misdiagnosis if specific testing for mycoplasma is not performed. Left untreated, the infection may ascend to the upper urinary tract or reproductive organs, causing more severe complications.

Impact on Female Reproductive Health

In women, mycoplasma infections are closely linked to conditions such as cervical inflammation, cervical erosion, and even ulcer formation. These changes can increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which may affect fertility over time. Some patients may also experience abnormal vaginal discharge or bleeding after intercourse, underscoring the importance of early detection and proper medical evaluation.

Given the subtle and overlapping nature of mycoplasma symptoms, healthcare providers recommend targeted diagnostic testing—such as PCR assays—for accurate identification. Prompt antibiotic treatment, typically with macrolides or tetracyclines, can effectively clear the infection and prevent long-term consequences. Raising public awareness about these less obvious but impactful infections is essential for better health outcomes.