Mycoplasma Infection: Common Symptoms and What You Need to Know

Mycoplasma infections can affect various parts of the body, and the symptoms largely depend on the specific type of mycoplasma and the site of infection. Unlike typical bacteria, mycoplasmas lack a cell wall, making them resistant to certain antibiotics and capable of causing unique clinical presentations. Among the most common types are Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma hominis. Each strain targets different systems in the body, leading to a range of health issues.

Respiratory Infections Caused by Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

One of the most well-known forms is Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which primarily affects the respiratory tract. Often referred to as "walking pneumonia," this infection typically causes mild but persistent symptoms. Common signs include a dry cough, low-grade fever, fatigue, sore throat, and headache. In some cases, the cough may last for several weeks, even after other symptoms have resolved. While most cases are not severe, they can lead to complications such as bronchitis or pneumonia, especially in children and individuals with weakened immune systems.

Urinary and Genital Tract Infections from Ureaplasma and M. Hominis

Understanding Urogenital Mycoplasma Infections

Other types, such as Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis, mainly infect the urogenital system. These organisms are often associated with sexually transmitted infections and can cause symptoms like frequent urination, urgency, burning during urination, and discomfort in the pelvic region. In women, they may contribute to conditions such as bacterial vaginosis, cervicitis, or even complications during pregnancy, including preterm labor. Men may experience urethritis or prostatitis, sometimes without obvious symptoms, making diagnosis challenging.

When Symptoms Are Absent or Subtle

It's important to note that many mycoplasma infections can be asymptomatic, especially in the early stages. This silent nature allows the organisms to spread unknowingly, particularly through close personal contact or sexual activity. Routine testing is often necessary for at-risk populations to prevent long-term complications such as infertility or chronic pelvic pain.

Diagnosis and Treatment Considerations

Because symptoms vary widely and overlap with other conditions, accurate diagnosis usually requires laboratory testing, including PCR assays or culture methods. Once confirmed, treatment typically involves antibiotics effective against atypical bacteria, such as macrolides, tetracyclines, or fluoroquinolones. However, rising antibiotic resistance among mycoplasma strains is a growing concern, emphasizing the need for responsible medication use and medical supervision.

In conclusion, recognizing the diverse symptoms of mycoplasma infections is key to timely treatment and preventing transmission. If you experience persistent respiratory or urinary symptoms without a clear cause, consulting a healthcare provider for proper evaluation could make a significant difference in your recovery.