Can Mycoplasma Infections Be Transmitted? Understanding Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Yes, mycoplasma infections are contagious and are primarily classified as sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These infections often lead to non-gonococcal urethritis, a condition that affects the urinary tract without being caused by gonorrhea. This bacterial infection can spread easily between sexual partners, making awareness and prevention crucial for maintaining sexual health.
Common Symptoms of Mycoplasma Infection
Individuals infected with mycoplasma may experience a range of uncomfortable urinary symptoms. These typically include frequent urination (urinary frequency), a sudden and intense need to urinate (urgency), painful urination (dysuria), and the presence of white or cloudy discharge from the urethra. In some cases, especially in women, symptoms may be mild or even absent, which increases the risk of unknowingly transmitting the infection to others.
How Is Mycoplasma Diagnosed?
Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. Healthcare providers use several laboratory methods to detect mycoplasma. These include routine urine analysis, urine culture specifically designed to grow mycoplasma bacteria, antibiotic sensitivity testing (urine culture and sensitivity), and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) such as PCR, which detect the genetic material of the pathogen. Testing both partners is strongly recommended to prevent reinfection.
Treatment Options for Mycoplasma Infections
Antibiotic therapy is the cornerstone of treating mycoplasma infections. Since mycoplasma lacks a cell wall, antibiotics that target cell walls (like penicillins) are ineffective. Instead, doctors typically prescribe antibiotics such as:
- Macrolides (e.g., azithromycin)
- Quinolones (e.g., moxifloxacin or levofloxacin)
- Tetracyclines (e.g., doxycycline)
The duration and choice of medication depend on the severity of the infection and individual patient factors. A successful treatment outcome is generally confirmed when symptoms have fully resolved and follow-up tests show negative results for mycoplasma.
Importance of Treating Both Partners
To prevent a cycle of reinfection, it's vital that both sexual partners receive treatment simultaneously, even if one shows no symptoms. Abstaining from sexual activity during treatment is also advised to avoid transmission. Open communication with partners about sexual health is a key step in preventing the spread of STIs.
Dealing With Recurrent or Persistent Infections
In cases where symptoms persist or recur despite treatment, further evaluation is necessary. Chronic or recurring infections could indicate antibiotic resistance, improper dosing, or underlying health conditions such as immune deficiencies or coexisting infections like chlamydia or ureaplasma. Comprehensive testing and possibly a referral to a specialist in infectious diseases or urology may be required.
Prevention remains the best strategy. Practicing safe sex, using condoms consistently, and undergoing regular STI screenings—especially with new or multiple partners—can significantly reduce the risk of contracting or spreading mycoplasma and other sexually transmitted infections.