What Causes Indigestion?

Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, can be categorized into two main types: organic dyspepsia and functional dyspepsia. Each has different underlying causes that can affect the digestive system.

Organic Dyspepsia

This type of indigestion is caused by structural or physical abnormalities in the digestive tract. Conditions that may lead to organic dyspepsia include stomach disorders, duodenal diseases, small intestine issues, pancreatic dysfunction, biliary tract problems, and liver diseases. Common examples include peptic ulcers, gastric or duodenal ulcers, stomach cancer, gastric lymphoma, and duodenal stenosis. Chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic tumors, gallstones, cholecystitis, and biliary obstruction can also contribute to indigestion. Additionally, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver tumors may impair normal digestive function and result in discomfort after eating.

Functional Dyspepsia

Unlike organic dyspepsia, functional dyspepsia does not involve visible structural damage but is related to how the digestive system functions. It is often associated with abnormal gastrointestinal motility or visceral hypersensitivity. Psychological factors such as high stress levels, anxiety, and depression can significantly influence the onset of symptoms. Many patients report increased discomfort during periods of emotional distress or prolonged work-related pressure.

Lifestyle and Dietary Habits That Contribute to Indigestion

Poor eating habits play a major role in triggering indigestion. Eating too quickly, overeating, skipping meals, or consuming excessive amounts of fatty or spicy foods can all disrupt normal digestion. In addition, a sedentary lifestyle with little physical activity can slow down digestion and increase the likelihood of experiencing symptoms like bloating, nausea, and upper abdominal discomfort.

In summary, indigestion can arise from a variety of causes ranging from serious medical conditions to everyday lifestyle choices. Identifying the root cause is essential for effective treatment and long-term management.