Symptoms of Mycoplasma Pneumonia in Adults: What You Need to Know

When it comes to respiratory infections in adults, Mycoplasma pneumonia—often referred to as "walking pneumonia"—is a common yet frequently overlooked condition. Caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae, this type of atypical pneumonia tends to develop gradually and presents with milder symptoms compared to other forms of bacterial or viral pneumonia. However, recognizing the signs early is crucial for timely treatment and preventing complications.

Common Symptoms of Mycoplasma Pneumonia in Adults

Unlike severe pneumonia cases that strike suddenly with high fever and intense discomfort, mycoplasma pneumonia typically begins subtly. The illness often mimics a prolonged cold or flu, making it easy to dismiss in the early stages. One of the hallmark signs is a low-grade to moderate fever, usually ranging between 37.5°C and 39°C (99.5°F–102.2°F). High fevers exceeding 39°C are uncommon, which can lead individuals to underestimate the seriousness of their condition.

Persistent Dry Cough: A Defining Feature

One of the most consistent and noticeable symptoms is a persistent dry cough. Unlike typical chest infections that produce thick mucus, mycoplasma-induced coughs are often non-productive, meaning little to no phlegm is expelled. Over time, this relentless coughing can become severe, leading to chest soreness, fatigue, and disrupted sleep. In some cases, the irritation in the airways may trigger wheezing, especially in individuals with underlying asthma or reactive airway disease.

Breathing Difficulties and Respiratory Distress

Although mycoplasma pneumonia is generally considered mild, certain patients may experience more serious respiratory symptoms. As the infection progresses, the airways can become inflamed and filled with sticky mucus secretions. This buildup can partially block the bronchial tubes, reducing airflow and potentially causing a condition known as atelectasis—a partial collapse of lung tissue. When this occurs, individuals may report shortness of breath, tightness in the chest, or an inability to catch their breath, particularly during physical activity.

Why Early Detection Matters

Because symptoms develop slowly and resemble those of a common cold, many adults delay seeking medical attention. However, untreated mycoplasma pneumonia can lead to complications such as bronchitis, ear infections, or even spread to other parts of the body in rare cases. It's especially important for older adults, smokers, or those with compromised immune systems to monitor their symptoms closely and consult a healthcare provider if a dry cough and low fever persist beyond a week.

In summary, while mycoplasma pneumonia in adults is often less severe than other types of pneumonia, its hallmark symptoms—mild fever, persistent dry cough, and potential breathing difficulties—should not be ignored. Awareness and timely diagnosis play a key role in ensuring a full recovery and minimizing the risk of transmission in communities.