Pancreatitis: Understanding The Disease And Its Causes

Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas that can cause severe abdominal pain and other complications. This condition, often classified as an acute abdomen syndrome, can arise from various factors. In Western countries, long-term alcohol consumption is a primary cause of pancreatitis. However, in China, the main cause is linked to gallbladder inflammation or gallstones blocking the pancreatic duct, leading to what is known as biliary pancreatitis.

Gallstones can obstruct the pancreatic duct, preventing pancreatic juice from flowing into the intestines. When this happens, digestive enzymes become activated inside the pancreas, attacking the organ's own cells and causing inflammation. If pancreatitis recurs frequently, it can lead to progressive damage to the pancreas and eventually develop into chronic pancreatitis.

There are two major types of pancreatitis: mild (edematous) pancreatitis and severe pancreatitis. Mild cases may not require surgery and can be managed with medication and dietary adjustments under the care of gastroenterologists. In contrast, severe pancreatitis often necessitates surgical intervention, especially when complications like necrosis or infection occur. Treatment decisions depend on the severity of the condition and the underlying causes.