What Are the Symptoms of Avian Influenza?

Avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, is a viral infection that primarily affects birds but can also be transmitted to humans under certain conditions. While human cases are relatively rare, they can be severe and even life-threatening when they do occur. The disease typically begins abruptly, with early symptoms closely resembling those of seasonal influenza, making it difficult to distinguish without proper testing.

Common Early Symptoms of Bird Flu

Most individuals infected with avian influenza experience a sudden onset of high fever, often reaching 39°C (102.2°F) or higher. This elevated temperature usually persists for 1 to 7 days, with an average duration of 3 to 4 days. Alongside fever, typical flu-like symptoms emerge, including runny nose, nasal congestion, dry cough, sore throat, headache, and general malaise. These signs can easily be mistaken for common respiratory infections, especially during cold and flu season.

Digestive Symptoms in Some Patients

In addition to respiratory manifestations, a notable portion of patients may develop gastrointestinal issues. These can include nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and loose, watery stools. The presence of digestive symptoms is more common in avian flu compared to regular seasonal influenza and may serve as an early clue for healthcare providers when assessing potential cases.

Progression to Severe Illness

While many cases remain mild, avian influenza has the potential to progress rapidly into a severe and critical condition, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying health conditions. Rapid deterioration is a hallmark of serious bird flu infections and requires immediate medical attention.

Potential Complications of Avian Flu

Severe cases can lead to a range of life-threatening complications. These include viral pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary hemorrhage (lung bleeding), and pleural effusion (fluid buildup around the lungs). Additionally, the virus may affect other organ systems, leading to conditions such as pancytopenia (a reduction in all types of blood cells), kidney failure, sepsis, and circulatory shock. Without prompt treatment, these complications significantly increase the risk of mortality.

Early detection and appropriate medical care are crucial in improving outcomes for patients exposed to or infected with the avian influenza virus. Public awareness, especially in regions where outbreaks among poultry have been reported, plays a vital role in prevention and timely intervention.