What Is Biliary Pancreatitis?

Biliary pancreatitis is the most common type of acute pancreatitis in China. Acute pancreatitis occurs when the pancreatic secretions, particularly digestive enzymes known as pancreatic juice, are unable to drain properly and become activated within the pancreas itself. This leads to a process called autodigestion, where the enzymes begin to break down the pancreatic tissue, causing inflammation and damage.

The primary cause of biliary pancreatitis is gallstone disease. Gallstones, which form in the gallbladder, can sometimes move into the common bile duct and become lodged at its lower end, known as the ampulla of Vater. This area is where the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct converge before emptying into the small intestine. When a gallstone blocks this junction, it prevents the normal outflow of pancreatic juice.

As a result, bile from the bile duct may flow backward into the pancreatic duct. This backflow introduces bile salts into the pancreatic system, which can activate the pancreatic enzymes prematurely. Once activated, these enzymes start digesting the pancreas itself, triggering an inflammatory response and leading to biliary pancreatitis.

In China, gallstone disease is highly prevalent, making biliary pancreatitis the leading cause of acute pancreatitis cases. Understanding this condition is crucial for early diagnosis and effective treatment, especially among individuals with a history of gallstones or related biliary disorders.

Due to its frequency and potential severity, biliary pancreatitis remains a significant health concern that requires prompt medical attention and lifestyle management to prevent recurrence.