What Are the Symptoms of Severe Pancreatitis?

Pancreatitis is a serious inflammatory condition of the pancreas, often caused by impaired drainage of pancreatic fluids. When these fluids remain trapped within the pancreas, they become activated and begin to digest the organ itself. Given that pancreatic secretions are powerful in breaking down fats and proteins, this self-digestion leads to significant damage to the pancreas. As the tissue becomes injured, fluid begins to leak around the pancreas, and if this area becomes infected with bacteria, it can lead to the release of harmful inflammatory substances into the bloodstream—potentially worsening the condition.

Clinically, pancreatitis is categorized into two main types: acute edematous pancreatitis and severe acute pancreatitis. The distinction between these forms largely depends on whether there is evidence of organ failure. In cases of severe pancreatitis, most patients experience respiratory failure, while others may develop dysfunction in multiple organs including the kidneys, heart, and liver. One notable symptom associated with intestinal failure is severe abdominal distension, accompanied by a complete cessation of bowel movements and gas passage. If multiple organ systems begin to fail, the risk of mortality increases significantly without timely and appropriate medical intervention.

Effective treatment for severe pancreatitis requires prompt and comprehensive care. Initial management typically involves fasting, intravenous hydration, enzyme suppression therapy, acid-reducing medications, and nutritional support through intravenous feeding. In some instances, surgical intervention such as draining abscesses or removing dead tissue may be necessary. Despite advances in treatment, the mortality rate for severe pancreatitis remains high, and recovery often takes an extended period. Therefore, early recognition and aggressive management are crucial in improving outcomes for affected individuals.