What Tests Are Needed For The Diagnosis Of Acute Pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis requires a series of diagnostic tests to confirm the condition and assess its severity. These tests generally fall into two categories: laboratory tests and imaging studies.
Laboratory tests are crucial in the early diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Blood tests typically show elevated levels of amylase and lipase, with amylase levels rising within 6–12 hours after the onset of symptoms and often tripling above normal values. However, it's important to note that the level of elevation does not necessarily correlate with the severity of the disease. Urinary amylase levels begin to increase around 12–24 hours after symptom onset. Lipase, although slower to rise, remains elevated for a longer duration, making it useful for later diagnosis.
In addition to pancreatic enzyme levels, doctors also perform blood counts, liver and kidney function tests, electrolyte panels, and calcium level assessments. These help determine if the patient is developing complications such as kidney failure or respiratory distress syndrome, which may require additional evaluations like blood gas analysis.
Imaging studies play a key role in visualizing the pancreas and identifying structural abnormalities. Commonly used techniques include abdominal ultrasound, abdominal CT scans, and upper abdominal MRI. These tools can reveal signs such as pancreatic swelling, fluid leakage, necrosis, or the formation of pseudocysts and abscesses.
Once a diagnosis is confirmed, patients are usually placed on nil per os (NPO) status, meaning they must avoid eating and drinking to reduce pancreatic activity. In some cases, gastric decompression via a nasogastric tube may be necessary. Medications such as somatostatin analogs and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly administered to manage symptoms and support recovery.