Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Are They Benign Or Malignant?

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are classified into four stages: G1, G2, G3, and neuroendocrine carcinoma. With increasing awareness and standardized understanding of pNETs, medical professionals now recognize them as low-grade malignant tumors. Although they may grow slowly, early intervention and treatment are crucial to prevent potential complications or progression.

One of the key factors in determining the appropriate course of action is tumor size. For tumors smaller than 2 cm, close monitoring may be sufficient, especially if they are non-functional. However, for tumors larger than 2 cm or those that are functionally active—meaning they produce hormones and cause symptoms—early surgical intervention is strongly recommended regardless of size.

It's also important to note that while some pNETs may appear benign in behavior, their potential for malignancy should not be overlooked. This underscores the importance of accurate staging, regular follow-up, and personalized treatment planning based on individual patient characteristics and tumor biology.