What Is Pancreatitis?

Pancreatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas, often triggered by the activation of pancreatic enzymes that begin to attack the organ itself. This inflammation can occur acutely or develop over time, and may be accompanied by dysfunction in multiple organs or systems throughout the body.

Common Causes Of Pancreatitis

One of the most frequent causes is biliary tract disease, including gallstones or bile duct stones. When these stones block the common bile duct or pancreatic duct, they can trigger an episode of pancreatitis.

Another significant factor is elevated triglyceride levels. Consuming large amounts of fatty foods in one sitting—especially among individuals who binge eat—can lead to a sudden spike in triglycerides, sometimes resulting in chylous (fatty) blood, which increases the risk of developing pancreatitis.

Alcohol consumption also plays a major role. Chronic or heavy episodic drinking significantly raises the likelihood of pancreatic inflammation, making alcohol abuse a leading cause of this condition.

Additionally, elevated calcium levels in the blood—a condition known as hypercalcemia—can contribute to the onset of pancreatitis. Certain medical procedures, such as ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography), may also cause direct injury to the pancreas or pancreatic duct, resulting in inflammation.

Symptoms And Complications

Patients typically experience severe abdominal pain, usually located in the upper middle or left side of the abdomen, which may radiate to the back or shoulders. Due to the involvement of the gastrointestinal system, pancreatitis can lead to paralytic ileus—a form of bowel obstruction caused by weakened intestinal movement. Symptoms include bloating, nausea, vomiting, and cessation of bowel movements or gas passage.

High fever is another common symptom, with temperatures often reaching 39°C or higher. In more serious cases, shortness of breath and other signs of multi-organ involvement may accompany the abdominal pain, indicating a more severe progression of the disease. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for preventing long-term complications associated with pancreatic inflammation.