Early Signs and Symptoms of Acute Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis often begins with noticeable gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. The pain typically occurs in the upper middle or upper left part of the abdomen and may radiate to the back. It is usually accompanied by a feeling of fullness, indigestion, and discomfort. If not treated promptly, the condition can progress rapidly, leading to more severe complications.

In more advanced cases, individuals may experience symptoms like reduced urine output, kidney dysfunction, low blood pressure, shock, persistent high fever, and intestinal obstruction. These signs indicate a serious progression of the disease and require immediate medical attention. Additional symptoms may include difficulty breathing, which could signal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

To diagnose acute pancreatitis early, the following tests are commonly recommended:

- Blood tests for amylase and lipase levels: Amylase levels typically rise within 2–12 hours after the onset of symptoms, while lipase increases after about 24 hours. A level three times higher than normal strongly suggests pancreatitis.
- Imaging studies such as abdominal ultrasound or CT scans: These help visualize pancreatic swelling, fluid accumulation, necrosis, abscesses, or pseudocyst formation, all of which support a diagnosis of pancreatitis.

Once diagnosed, it's crucial to manage the condition effectively. Patients should initially avoid oral food and fluids to reduce strain on the pancreas. Intravenous nutrition and aggressive hydration are essential to maintain electrolyte balance and overall health. Medications like acid suppressants and somatostatin analogs are often used to control symptoms and support recovery.

Recognizing the early signs and seeking timely care significantly improves outcomes for patients with acute pancreatitis.