The Preferred Pain Relievers for Acute Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis patients are typically advised to use pethidine (meperidine) as a pain reliever, while medications such as morphine or anticholinergics like atropine are generally not recommended. Morphine may increase the tone of the sphincter of Oddi, potentially worsening symptoms of acute pancreatitis. Similarly, anticholinergic drugs such as atropine can exacerbate intestinal obstruction, which is why these medications are contraindicated for abdominal pain associated with pancreatitis.

In addition to effective pain management, comprehensive treatment strategies are essential for managing acute pancreatitis. These include:

Gastrointestinal decompression is an important step in treatment. Patients should temporarily stop oral intake of food and water. In severe cases, a nasogastric tube may be required to relieve pressure on the gastrointestinal tract through gastric decompression.

Pharmacological therapy plays a crucial role. Acid-suppressing medications such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2 receptor antagonists are commonly prescribed to reduce gastric acid and pancreatic enzyme secretion, thereby protecting the gastrointestinal mucosa. Moreover, somatostatin is considered a first-line medication in acute pancreatitis due to its ability to inhibit pancreatic enzyme release and reduce inflammation and tissue damage.

Fluid resuscitation is vital, especially in severe cases. Since patients are unable to consume food or fluids orally, intravenous nutrition and aggressive hydration are necessary to maintain adequate nutrition and prevent complications such as shock. Proper fluid replacement supports organ function and helps stabilize the patient's condition.

Maintaining electrolyte and acid-base balance is also critical during treatment. Close monitoring and correction of imbalances help ensure stable internal conditions and promote recovery.

Antibiotic therapy may be required in specific situations. If the pancreatitis is caused by biliary infection or another infectious source, prompt administration of appropriate antibiotics is essential to control the infection and prevent further complications.