What Are the Symptoms of Acute Pancreatitis and Where Does It Hurt?

Acute pancreatitis typically presents with sudden, severe abdominal pain, often located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen. This pain may radiate to the back, causing significant discomfort. In addition to pain, common symptoms include bloating, nausea, and vomiting, which are often a result of gastrointestinal failure or paralytic ileus associated with the condition. Patients may also experience a complete cessation of bowel movements and gas passage.

In more severe cases, patients may develop high fever and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These symptoms can lead to extreme difficulty breathing and dangerously low oxygen levels in the blood. The condition can also impair kidney function, resulting in reduced urine output or even anuria, along with elevated levels of creatinine and uric acid. Electrolyte imbalances such as hypocalcemia may occur, potentially causing muscle spasms and twitching in the hands and feet. In the most critical scenarios, multiple organ failure can lead to shock and even death.

When acute pancreatitis occurs, it is essential to immediately stop oral food and fluid intake. For patients experiencing paralytic ileus, a nasogastric tube may be inserted to perform gastric decompression. Pain management often includes medications like Fortral or Demerol for symptom relief. Octreotide, a somatostatin analog, is commonly used to reduce pancreatic secretion and minimize further damage. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as Omeprazole or Pantoprazole may also be administered. Additionally, if there is a biliary obstruction due to gallstones, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the stones and relieve the blockage.