Symptoms of Acute Bronchitis: What You Need to Know

Understanding Acute Bronchitis and Its Common Signs

Acute bronchitis is a short-term inflammation of the bronchial tubes, typically triggered by viral infections that follow an upper respiratory illness. It tends to occur more frequently during colder months or periods of sudden weather changes, making it a common concern in fall and winter. Most cases develop after symptoms such as nasal congestion, sore throat, fatigue, and loss of appetite—classic signs of a cold or flu.

Early Respiratory Symptoms and Progression

The hallmark symptom of acute bronchitis is a persistent cough, which usually starts dry but can become productive within a few days. In many patients, this begins with clear or white mucus production. By the second or third day, the phlegm may turn yellow or greenish, indicating the presence of immune cells responding to infection. While discolored sputum can be alarming, it doesn't necessarily mean a bacterial infection is present—color changes are often part of the body's natural defense process.

Systemic Symptoms That Accompany the Illness

In addition to respiratory issues, individuals may experience mild systemic symptoms. These include low-grade fever (typically around 38°C or 100.4°F), chills, generalized weakness, decreased appetite, and overall malaise. Although these symptoms can make daily activities challenging, they generally remain moderate and resolve within one to two weeks for most otherwise healthy adults.

What Doctors Look for During a Physical Exam

During a clinical evaluation, healthcare providers use a stethoscope to listen to lung sounds. In cases of acute bronchitis, breath sounds may appear coarse or harsh due to airway inflammation. If mucus is present in the airways, crackling noises known as rales or rhonchi may be heard. An important characteristic of these abnormal lung sounds is their variability—they may shift in location or disappear entirely after a strong cough, distinguishing them from fixed patterns seen in more serious lung conditions like pneumonia.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While acute bronchitis usually resolves on its own without specific treatment, certain warning signs should prompt medical consultation. These include high fever lasting more than a few days, difficulty breathing, chest pain, or coughing up blood. People with underlying heart or lung diseases, older adults, and young children should also seek timely care to prevent complications.

Bottom Line: Recognizing the symptoms of acute bronchitis early can help manage discomfort and prevent unnecessary antibiotic use. Staying hydrated, resting well, and using over-the-counter remedies for symptom relief are key steps in recovery. Always consult a healthcare professional if symptoms worsen or persist beyond three weeks.