Adult Acute Bronchitis: Common Symptoms and What You Should Know

Acute bronchitis in adults often begins with symptoms resembling an upper respiratory tract infection. Early signs typically include nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and a mild, dry cough. These initial symptoms are sometimes mistaken for the common cold, which can delay proper attention or treatment.

Progression of Symptoms

Within 2 to 3 days, the condition usually progresses, leading to a more persistent and noticeable cough. This marks the shift from early-stage irritation to active inflammation of the bronchial tubes. The cough may start to produce mucus, transitioning from clear and watery to thick, yellowish-green phlegm—often indicating the presence of infection.

Respiratory and Systemic Effects

As the airways become increasingly inflamed, individuals may experience chest tightness, sharp or dull chest pain (especially when coughing), shortness of breath, and rapid breathing. In more severe cases, these respiratory symptoms can escalate into noticeable difficulty breathing, significantly impacting daily activities and quality of sleep.

Fever is not always present but can develop as the body fights off infection. Some patients may experience a low-grade fever initially, while others progress to high, persistent fevers that don't respond quickly to over-the-counter medications—a sign that medical evaluation is urgently needed.

Diagnosis and Medical Evaluation

To accurately assess the severity and underlying cause of acute bronchitis, healthcare providers often recommend diagnostic tests. A complete blood count (CBC) helps identify signs of infection, such as elevated white blood cell levels. Imaging studies like a chest X-ray or CT scan may be performed to rule out pneumonia or other lung conditions that mimic bronchitis.

Importance of Timely Intervention

Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial. While many cases of acute bronchitis are viral and resolve on their own with rest and hydration, identifying bacterial involvement or complications allows for timely use of antibiotics or other targeted therapies. Self-care strategies, including humidified air, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and staying well-hydrated, can help ease discomfort.

If symptoms worsen or persist beyond three weeks, further investigation is essential to exclude chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma or COPD. Recognizing the signs early and seeking professional guidance improves outcomes and reduces the risk of complications.