Main Symptoms of Bronchitis: What You Need to Know

Bronchitis is a common respiratory condition that affects the bronchial tubes, leading to inflammation and irritation. It typically comes in two forms—acute and chronic—each with distinct symptoms and duration. Recognizing the signs early can help with timely treatment and better management of the condition.

Understanding Acute Bronchitis

Acute bronchitis often develops quickly, usually following a viral infection such as the common cold or flu. The hallmark symptoms include persistent coughing and phlegm production. While systemic symptoms like fatigue or mild body aches may occur, they are generally less severe compared to the respiratory manifestations.

Initially, the cough may be dry, but it often progresses to produce more mucus over time. Patients commonly notice an increase in phlegm volume within a few days. This productive cough can last anywhere from two to three weeks, even after other symptoms have resolved. Some individuals may experience a low-grade fever, especially during the early phase of the illness.

Unlike pneumonia, acute bronchitis typically does not cause high fever or severe shortness of breath. Most cases resolve on their own with rest, hydration, and supportive care, although the lingering cough can be bothersome.

Chronic Bronchitis: A Long-Term Condition

Chronic bronchitis is a more serious and long-lasting form of the disease, classified under chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is clinically defined as a productive cough occurring on most days for at least three months per year, over two consecutive years, with no other underlying causes identified.

Symptoms and Daily Impact

The primary symptoms include a persistent morning cough and the regular production of white, sticky, or frothy sputum. Over time, individuals may develop increasing difficulty breathing, including sensations of shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness, especially during physical activity.

During stable periods, patients usually do not run a fever. However, when the condition flares up—often triggered by respiratory infections or environmental irritants such as smoke or pollution—symptoms can worsen significantly. These exacerbations may include increased mucus production, heightened breathlessness, and sometimes fever, indicating a possible secondary bacterial infection.

When to Seek Medical Attention

It's important to consult a healthcare provider if you experience prolonged coughing, discolored or bloody mucus, high fever, or significant breathing difficulties. Early diagnosis and proper management are crucial, particularly for chronic bronchitis, which can lead to progressive lung damage if left untreated.

Adopting healthy lifestyle choices—such as quitting smoking, avoiding air pollutants, and staying up to date with vaccinations—can greatly reduce the risk and severity of both acute and chronic bronchitis.