Common Causes of Abdominal Pain, Diarrhea, Weight Loss, and Fatigue

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, unintentional weight loss, and fatigue can be signs of various underlying health conditions. These symptoms often indicate issues related to the digestive system and may worsen over time if not properly addressed. Below are some of the most common causes:

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis fall under the category of inflammatory bowel diseases. These chronic disorders cause inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, which can interfere with normal digestion and nutrient absorption. The inflammation may also increase intestinal motility, leading to frequent bowel movements, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea. Patients often experience recurring episodes of bloody or mucus-filled stools. A colonoscopy is typically used to confirm the diagnosis.

Intestinal Tuberculosis
This condition is caused by an infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can affect the intestines and lead to symptoms like abdominal pain and diarrhea. In addition to gastrointestinal disturbances, individuals may also suffer from low-grade fever, loss of appetite, persistent cough, and night sweats. Diagnosis usually involves a combination of tuberculin skin tests, colonoscopy, and blood tests for tuberculosis antibodies. Once confirmed, treatment involves a long-term course of anti-tuberculosis medications.

Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Tumors in the digestive tract—such as colorectal cancer—can cause changes in bowel habits, including diarrhea or black tarry stools due to bleeding. Other symptoms include unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and abdominal discomfort. People with a family history of gastrointestinal cancers are at higher risk. Diagnostic tools like colonoscopy or contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scans are commonly used to detect these types of tumors.

If these symptoms persist for more than a few weeks or occur frequently, it is highly recommended to consult a gastroenterologist for a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate management. Early diagnosis plays a crucial role in improving outcomes and preventing complications.