What Causes Right Upper Quadrant Abdominal Pain?

Right upper quadrant (RUQ) abdominal pain can be caused by a variety of medical conditions, often related to organs located in that area. Below are some of the most common causes:

1. Gallbladder Inflammation (Cholecystitis)
Gallbladder disease is a frequent cause of RUQ pain. Many patients with gallbladder issues also have gallstones. These stones can become lodged in the cystic duct, blocking bile flow and leading to inflammation or infection of the gallbladder, known as acute cholecystitis. This condition typically causes severe pain in the upper right abdomen, sometimes radiating to the right shoulder blade or back. Additional symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and fever.

2. Liver-Related Conditions
Liver diseases such as acute hepatitis or fulminant liver failure can also lead to RUQ discomfort due to inflammation or damage to liver tissue. In rare cases, liver tumors or a ruptured liver cancer can result in sudden, sharp pain in the upper right abdomen. However, compared to other causes, liver-related pain is less commonly reported.

3. Biliary Tract Disorders
Issues affecting the bile ducts—such as bile duct stones or cholangitis (infection or inflammation of the bile duct system)—can also produce pain in the right upper quadrant. These conditions often present with additional symptoms like jaundice, dark urine, or pale stools.

4. Peptic Ulcer Disease
A duodenal ulcer, particularly in the first part of the small intestine (duodenal bulb), can also cause discomfort in the upper right region of the abdomen. The pain is often described as burning or gnawing and may improve with eating or taking antacids.

If you experience persistent or severe right upper abdominal pain, it's important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment. Early detection can help prevent complications and improve outcomes.