The Length of Intestinal Roundworms in the Human Body

Roundworms, scientifically known as Ascaris lumbricoides, are among the most common parasites found in the human digestive system. Adult male worms typically measure between 15-31 cm in length, while females can grow even longer, ranging from 20-35 cm and sometimes reaching over 40 cm. Ingesting infectious roundworm eggs may lead to a condition called ascariasis, which requires medical attention and treatment.

These parasites are the largest intestinal nematodes that can inhabit the human body. They appear cylindrical, somewhat resembling earthworms, with a pale pink or slightly yellow hue and a textured outer surface marked by transverse lines. The adult worms reside primarily in the small intestine and are contracted through the consumption of contaminated food or water containing roundworm eggs. Infections are more prevalent in rural areas compared to urban settings, and children are more commonly affected than adults.

Once infected, individuals may experience symptoms such as fever, coughing, loss of appetite or increased hunger, intermittent abdominal pain near the navel, malnutrition, insomnia, and teeth grinding during sleep. In more severe cases, serious complications can occur. For example, when roundworms cluster together, they can cause intestinal blockages. If they migrate into the bile ducts, they may trigger biliary ascariasis, and movement into the appendix can result in appendiceal ascariasis.

Diagnosis of roundworm infection is usually confirmed through stool examination under a microscope, where either eggs or adult worms can be identified. Commonly prescribed medications for treatment include albendazole, mebendazole, levamisole, and pyrantel pamoate, all of which have proven to be effective. However, if symptoms are severe—such as intense pain or obstruction—urgent surgical intervention might be necessary.

Preventive measures play a crucial role in avoiding infection. Maintaining good hygiene practices like washing hands before meals and after using the toilet, avoiding raw vegetables and fruits that haven't been properly washed, refraining from drinking untreated water, and not biting fingernails can significantly reduce the risk of ingesting roundworm eggs. By adopting these habits, one can effectively prevent the spread and recurrence of ascariasis.