How To Manage Gastroenteritis In Babies
Gastroenteritis is a common gastrointestinal infection in children, often caused by viruses such as rotavirus. Rotavirus-induced diarrhea is especially prevalent in infants and typically presents with frequent watery stools throughout the day, leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. In many cases, stool tests may show a few white blood cells but no red blood cells.
Since rotavirus targets the brush border of the small intestine, where lactase is produced, it can significantly reduce lactase activity. As a result, parents should consider reducing lactose-containing foods and switch to lactose-free formula during this period. Additionally, supplementing with lactase drops may help ease digestion. Maintaining hydration is crucial, so offering oral rehydration solutions (ORS) is highly recommended. If the child cannot keep up with fluid intake orally, intravenous hydration might be necessary for those showing signs of severe dehydration. The illness usually lasts around one week and gradually improves. For infants under one year old, vaccination against rotavirus is strongly encouraged if available.
In contrast, bacterial infections such as those caused by enterotoxigenic or invasive Escherichia coli (E. coli) can lead to symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, and in more serious cases, mucousy or bloody stools. These infections often require antibiotic treatment alongside hydration therapy. Timely and appropriate antibiotic use combined with fluid replacement can help minimize complications from electrolyte disturbances. Prompt medical attention is key to managing bacterial gastroenteritis effectively and supporting a faster recovery.