How a Colonoscopy Is Performed

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the colon and rectum. Compared to an upper endoscopy, the process takes more time and requires more preparation. Below is a detailed overview of how the procedure typically works:

Proper Bowel Preparation Is Essential

Before undergoing a colonoscopy, patients are required to take laxatives around 4–6 hours prior to the exam. It's important to drink plenty of clear fluids during this time. The goal is to empty the bowels completely, which is indicated by passing clear, watery stools. Only then can the doctor ensure that the colon is clean enough for an accurate examination.

The Procedure Begins with Patient Positioning

During the colonoscopy, patients are usually asked to lie on their left side with knees slightly bent. The physician gently inserts the colonoscope—a long, flexible tube with a camera—into the rectum and slowly advances it through the colon. As the scope moves along the natural curves of the intestine, the doctor carefully examines the intestinal lining for abnormalities such as polyps, ulcers, inflammation, or tumors.

Managing Discomfort During the Exam

Because the colon has many bends, some people may feel bloated or experience mild cramping during the procedure. To minimize discomfort, patients are encouraged to relax and breathe steadily. Most individuals tolerate the procedure well, especially when they follow the instructions given by the medical team.

Recovery After the Colonoscopy

Once the procedure is complete, patients are advised to walk around a bit to help release any trapped air in the abdomen. This often helps reduce bloating quickly. In most cases, normal eating and daily activities can resume shortly after the exam unless a biopsy was taken or polyps were removed.