What Is Escherichia Coli Infection

Escherichia coli, commonly known as E. coli, is not a disease itself but rather a type of bacteria. Scientifically referred to as Escherichia coli, this gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium is a common part of the normal flora in the human gut. However, certain strains of E. coli are pathogenic and can cause illness. These harmful types are often categorized into five main groups, including enterotoxigenic, enteroaggregative, and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, among others.

During warmer seasons like summer or fall, consuming contaminated food or water can lead to acute diarrhea caused by E. coli infection. One of the most notable outbreaks occurred in 1996 in Japan, where a large number of people were affected by a strain of E. coli that led to widespread illness. This highlights the importance of maintaining food safety and hygiene in daily life.

Once infected, individuals may experience frequent watery stools and diarrhea, which are the most common symptoms. In more severe cases, particularly with strains that cause intestinal damage, patients may pass bloody stools. Other complications can include fever, dehydration, and in extreme cases, shock. Even what appears to be a mild case of diarrhea should not be ignored, as it could progress to a more serious condition if left untreated.